![]() Ī device that measures partial pressures (PCO 2) or fractions (FCO 2) of CO 2 during the breathing cycle is called a capnograph. Physiologic dead space (Vd phys) is comprised of Vd aw (instrumental and anatomic dead space) and Vd alv and it is usually reported in mechanical ventilation as the portion of tidal volume (Vt) or minute ventilation that does not participate in gas exchange. This instrumental dead space is considered to be part of the Vd aw. Mechanical ventilation, if present, adds additional Vd as part of the ventilator equipment (endotracheal tubes, humidification devices, and connectors). ![]() The volume of dead space (Vd) reflects the sum of two separate components of lung volume: 1) the nose, pharynx, and conduction airways do not contribute to gas exchange and are often referred to as anatomical Vd or herein as airway Vd (Vd aw) 2) well-ventilated alveoli but receiving minimal blood flow comprise the alveolar Vd (Vd alv). The concept of dead space accounts for those lung areas that are ventilated but not perfused. 2020 55:1468–73.The homogeneity between ventilation and perfusion determines normal gas exchange. Assessment of sidestream end-tidal capnography in ventilated infants on the neonatal unit. Physiological basis of ventilatory support. Pulmonary disease of the newborn Part 1 Physiology. Volumetric capnography slopes in ventilated term and preterm infants. 2018 53:57–63.ĭassios T, Dixon P, William EE, Greenough A. Physiological and anatomical dead space in mechanically ventilated newborn infants. 250–71.ĭassios T, Dixon P, Hickey A, Fouzas S, Greenough A. Basic mechanisms of pediatric respiratory disease. In: Haddad GG, Abman SH, Chernick V, editors. ![]() Respiratory muscle function: Implications for ventilatory failure. Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation. ![]()
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